Question 1


Q.1.1

According to Ribble (2011), the nine elements that make up digital citizenship and encompasses the issue of use, the misuse and abuse of technology are as follows : digital access, digital commerce, digital communication ,digital literacy ,digital etiquette , digital law , digital rights and responsibilities , digital health and wellness and lastly digital security (self protection ) . I will briefly discuss the nine elements below .

Digital Access , according to Ribble (2011), is  ‘Full electronic participation in society.’  Helping to develop and provide access to technology  should be a priority to all digital civilians as working forward to sustaining electronic access and equivalent rights are the starting points of Digital Citizenship .(Ribble(2011)).

Digital Commerce is the electronic selling and buying of produce, says Ribble (2011). A large portion of the economy occurs electronically . Permissible exchanges occur  and the consumer and supplier need to be aware of the problems associated with it ,Users need to be aware of how to be an efficient buyer .

Digital communication is defined as the ‘electronic exchange of information.’ The digital communication opportunities are expanding and everything has changed because people can now be in constant communication with each other wherever and whenever .However due to there being so many communication option, individuals are not making the best decisions. ( Ribble(2011)).

Ribble(2011) suggests that Digital Literacy is the procedure of learning about technology and teaching the uses of technology. Digital citizenship includes educating individuals in a new way therefore learners need to be taught how to use new technology appropriately and quickly they need to be taught how to learn in a digital society.

Digital etiquette is the electronic criterion of procedure and is one of the most concerning issues when it comes to digital citizenship. It is not enough for rules and regulations to be set as everyone should be responsible for his/her own digital etiquette (Ribble(2011)).

The electronic responsibility for action is the definition of digital law which deals with the ethic in technology within the general public . To follow the rules of society would be regarded as ethical use of technology , unethical use would include crime and/or theft . there are certain laws of society which needs to be followed by anyone who uses the internet , these laws include the hacking into others information ,plagiarizing, creating viruses and downloading of illegal music , says (Ribble (2011)).

According to Ribble(2011) , having digital rights and responsibilities means having the freedoms in a digital world .Being a digital citizen you have the right to free speech , privacy etc but with those rights comes responsibilities , you have to be respectful and mindful of others rights .

Digital health and wellness is defined as the psychological and physical well-being in a digital environment .This means that certain issues such as repetitive stress syndrome and eye safety have to be addressed. Psychologically there are possibilities of internet addiction. (Ribble(2011)).

Lastly Ribble(2011) identifies the ninth element as digital security or self protection .He goes on to explain that in the digital world there are individuals that do not follow the laws of society as they deface or steal from other people and it is up to you to protect your digital space .

The above elements which make up digital citizenship have been identified to tackle the issue of the use and abuse of technology and is necessary or a safe and positive online experience .



Q.1.2

The digital divide refers to the fact that from the new economy there are certain parts of the population that receives better opportunities to benefit from than other parts of the population, according to (Nielsen,J (2006)).

Nielsen,J(2006)  identifies three stages of digital divide . Stage one is called Economic divide and it states that in the industrialised world there is that fact that some people simply cannot afford to buy  computers .Stage two is Usability divide, this is the fact that individuals are not educated enough on technology especially on new technology and therefore it becomes complicated to understand . Stage 3 is the Empowerment divide refers to the fact that even if people had access to computers they still would not make use of all the opportunities technology has to offer.



Q.1.3

‘A digital citizen refers to an individual utilizing information technology in order to engage in politics , government and society. Mossberger,K defines digital citizenship as ‘ those who use the internet regularly and effectively. ‘

Social capital refers to the importance of social systems and connecting different people with different  customs. (Dekker and Uslaner (2002)).

A digital citizen can enhance the social capital in the following ways:

By using information technology there are new ways to politically, socially and economically participate, there are possibilities for groups and individuals to develop social capital thus creating better opportunities for development and income . Digital citizenship allows for equality as users have the right to express their political rights since the political circle is rising influence on social capital .A large percentage of the population has a low level of computer literacy which therefore causes exclusion, this forms a situation where many individuals do not have political action and opportunity

Q.1.4





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